W zwalczaniu tej inwazji bardzo istotna jest zarówno eliminacja pasożyta poprzez zabiegi lecznicze, jak i postępowanie profilaktyczne zmierzające do minimalizacji ryzyka zarażenia. W latach 60-tych XX wieku w wielu krajach na świecie dopuszczono do użytku leki przeciwpierwotniakowe, co doprowadziło do znacznego zmniejszenia śmiertelności wśród indyków. Przez wiele lat histomonozę kontrolowano za pomocą substancji chemicznych, takich jak preparaty arsenowe lub związki nitroheterocykliczne (10, 36). Arszeniki stosowane w leczeniu histomonozy nigdy nie były zarejestrowane w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Niektóre kraje poza UE nadal stosują w profilaktyce i terapii histomonozy preparaty zawierające kwas 4-nitrofenyloarsenowy. Badania nad użyciem antybiotyków w zwalczaniu inwazji pierwotniaków wykazały skuteczność siarczanu paromycyny - antybiotyku aminoglikozydowego, srosowanego przeciwko Entamoeba histolytica czy innym pierwotniakom jelitowym (10). Wykazano, że lek skutecznie zapobiega histomonozie, jednak aplikowanie go u osobników, które już uległy inwazji H. meleagridis nie zatrzymywało rozwoju choroby (57). Istnieją również doniesienia na temat skuteczności tiamuliny - półsyntetycznego antybiotyku należący do grupy pleuromutylin w leczeniu histomonozy. Jednak efekty działania tiamuliny na pierwotniaka w warunkach in vitro nie były spójne, co przemawia za potwierdzeniem skuteczności tego antybiotyku w warunkach in vivo (3, 36).

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