Obniżenie wydajności produkcyjnej brojlerów w wyniku ekspozycji na amoniak pochodzący z pomiotu ptasiego może powodować wzrost poziomu cytokin. Z kolei odpowiedź zapalna w tchawicy i równocześnie w jelicie krętym może być związana z przenikaniem cytokin, takich jak IL-6, IL-10, a szczególnie IL-1b z dróg oddechowych do przewodu pokarmowego ptaków.

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