Bakterie z rodzaju Campylobacter spp. (C.) są gram-ujemnymi, szeroko rozpowszechnionymi drobnoustrojami, a wiele z nich jako komensale przewodu pokarmowego, stwierdzane są u licznych gatunków zwierząt w tym u drobiu, ptaków ozdobnych oraz dzikich. Campylobacter spp., wraz z dwoma najczęściej notowanymi gatunkami: C. jejuni i C. coli, są termotolerancyjnymi i mikroaerofilnymi bakteriami, które znajdują sprzyjające warunki bytowania w przewodzie pokarmowym wszystkich stało-cieplnych zwierząt, a w szczególności u ptaków, które w porównaniu z innymi gatunkami zwierząt posiadają wyższą temperaturę ciała (około 41°C) (20).

Piśmiennictwo:

1.      Allain, V.; Chemaly, M.; Laisney, M.J.; Rouxel, S.; Quesne, S.; Le Bouquin, S. Prevalence of and risk factors for Campylobacter colonisation in broiler flocks at the end of the rearing period in France. Brit. Poult. Sci. 2014, 55, 452–459.

2.      Allen, V.; Bull, S.; Corry, J.; Dominguez, G.; Jorgensen, F.; Frost, J.R.; Gonzalez, A.; Elviss, N.; Humphrey, T.J. Campylobacter spp. contamination of chicken carcasses during processing in relation to flock colonization. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 113, 54–61.

3.      Berrang, M.E.; Buhr, R.J.; Cason, J.A.; Dickens, J.A. Broiler carcass contamination with Campylobacter from feces during defeathering. J. Food. Prot. 2001, 64, 2063-2066.

4.      Borck Høg, B.; Sommer, H.M.; Larsen, L.S.; Sørensen, A.I.V.; David, B.; Hofshagen, M.; Rosenquist, H. Farm specific risk factors for Campylobacter colonisation in Danish and Norwegian broilers. Prev. Vet. Med. 2016, 130, 137–145.

5.      Buhr, R.J.; Cox, N.A.; Stern, N.J.; Musgrove, M.T.; Wilson, J.L.; Hiett, K.L. Recovery of Campylobacter from segments of the reproductive tract of broilerbreeder hens. Avian Dis. 2002, 46, 919–924.

6.      Callicott, K.A.; Friðriksd´ottir, V.; Reiersen, J.; Lowman, R.; Bisaillon, J.R.; Gunnarsson, E.; Berndtson, E.; Hiett, K.L.; Needleman, D.S.; Stern, N.J. Lack of evidence for vertical transmission of Campylobacter spp. in chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006, 72, 5794-5798.

7.      Camarda, A.; Newell, D.G.; Nasti, R.; Di Modugnoa, G. Genotyping Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the gut and oviduct of laying hens. Avian Dis. 2000, 44, 907–912.

8.      Deng, W.; Dittoe, D.K.; Pavilidis, H.O.; Chaney, W.E.; Yang, Y.;, Ricke; S.C. Current Perspectives and Potential of Probiotics to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter in Poultry. Front. Microbiol. 2020,11, 583429.

9.      EFSA. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2015. EFSA J. 2016, 14, 4634.

10.    EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2019. The European Union One Health 2018 Zoonoses Report. EFSA J. 2019, 17, 5926.

11.    Higham, L.E.; Scott, C.; Akehurst, K.; Dring, D.; Parnham, A.; Waterman, M.; Bright, A. Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK. Vet. Rec. 2018, vetrec-2017-104823.

12.    Humphrey, S., Chaloner, G., Kemmett, K., Davidson, N., Williams, N., Kipar, A.; Humphrey, T.; Wigley, P. Campylobacter jejuni is not merely a commensal in commercial broiler chickens and affects bird welfare. mBio, 2014, 5, e01364-14.

13.    Koolman, L.; Whyte, P.; Bolton, D.J. An investigation of broiler caecal Campylobacter counts at first and second thinning. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2014, 117, 876–881.

14.    Lee, M.D.; Newell, D.G. Campylobacter in poultry: filling an ecological niche. Avian Dis. 2006, 50, 1-9.

15.    Newel, D.G.; Fearnley, C. Sources of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2013, 69, 4343-4351.

16.    Patriarchi, A.; Fox, A.; Maunsell, B.; Fanning, S.; Bolton, D. Molecular characterization and environmental mapping of Campylobacter isolates in a subset of intensive poultry flocks in Ireland. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2011, 8, 99–108.

17.    Perez-Arnedo, I.; Gonzalez-Fandos, E. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry in three spanish farms, a slaughterhouse and a further processing plant. Foods. 2019, 8, 111.

18.    Reich, F.; Atanassova, V.; Haunhorst, E.; Klein, G. The effects of Campylobacter numbers in caeca on the contamination of broiler carcasses with Campylobacter. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2008, 127, 116–120.

19.    Robyn, J.; Rasschaert, G.; Pasmans, F.; Heyndrickx, M. Thermotolerant Campylobacter during Broiler Rearing: Risk Factors and Intervention. Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. 2015, 14, 81-105.

20.    Zhang, Q. Campylobacteriosis. In: Diseases of poultry, 13th edition; Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., McDouglald, L.R., Nolan, L.K., Suarez, D.L., Nair, V.L., Eds.; Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA:; 2013; pp. 675-689.