Zagrożenia wynikające z obecności zearalenonu w tkankach ptaków


Maciej Gajęcki, Magdalena Gajęcka, Łukasz Zielonka


Wiedza o mikotoksynach, jako o czynnikach wywołujących różnorodne zaburzenia (mikotoksykozy) u ludzi i zwierząt, zależnie od wielkości dawki i czasu jej pobierania oraz ich metabolizmu ustrojowego, jest w dalszym ciągu niewystarczająca (Zachariasova i wsp., 2014). Mikotoksyny to wtórne metabolity, najczęściej wytwarzane przez grzyby pleśniowe z rodzaju: Fusarium, Aspergillus i Penicillium zarówno podczas ich wzrostu, jak i rozwoju. Grzyby pleśniowe mogą produkować jedną lub wiele mikotoksyn, przy czym nie wszystkie z nich posiadają właściwości toksyczne. Naturalnie mikotoksyny, dostając się do organizmu w określonych dawkach, głównie per os (De Saeger i van Egmond, 2012), oprócz ogólnego działania, zwłaszcza hepato- i nefrotoksycznego, wykazują właściwości rakotwórcze, mutagenne, teratogenne oraz niektóre z nich, ze względu na swe estrogenne działanie, powodują zaburzenia w prawidłowym funkcjonowaniu układu rozrodczego zwierząt: gospodarskich (Słomczyńska, 2014), towarzyszących (Gajęcka i wsp., 2013), dzikich (Zielonka i wsp., 2014) lub ptaków.
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